ဒီ cmd ေလးေတြေလာက္ေတာ့ သိကိုသိထားရပါမယ္. linux based sys: မွာ အလုပ္လုပ္ေနသေရြ ့ေတာ့ ဒါေလးမွ မသိရင္ rooting ဆိုတာမစဥ္းစားပါနဲ ့ေတာ့ =) BT သမားေတြကေတာ့ သိပါတယ္. ခုပို ့စ္က noobs freiendly အတြက္ရည္ရြယ္တာပါ.
gui overwhelm shell မွာပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္ | terminal cgi shell မွာပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္ ခုေအာက္က ၅ မိနစ္စာေလးျကည့္ထားရင္ shell သံုးရတာ ပိုေပ်ာ္ဖို ့ေကာင္းလာမွာပါ. :)
== [ For Linux Based ] ==
-v <or> –verbose – verbose mode // verbose mode က processing လုပ္ေနတာေတြကိုျပပါတယ္.
cd // directory ေတြကူးေျပာင္းသြားလာဖို ့
cd .. // အဲ့အစက္ကေလးနွစက္ကို cd ေနာက္မွာ space ျခားပီး enter လိုက္ရင္ ဥပမာ မိမိ ေရာက္ေနတဲ့ directory ေနရာ /home/public_htm/ ဆိုရင္ /home/ ေနရာေရာက္သြားပါလိမ့္မယ္.
cd foldername // foldername ေနရာမွာ specific path or မိမိေရာက္ေနတဲ့ေနရာေအာက္က directory name ရိုက္ျပီး folder ေတြဆီကို သြားတာပါ.
ls // list of folder content
ls -l // ဒါဆိုရင္ format including owners, permissions, size, and date modified ေတြျပပါတယ္.
ls -a // ဒါဆိုရင္ hidden files ေကာ normal ဖိုင္ေတြပါျပပါတယ္
ls -al // ဒါဆိုရင္ hidden file ေတြေကာ ခုနက format ေတြပါျပပါတယ္.
ls -h // file size ေတြျပတာပါ (K,M,Gb) instead of bytes
တကယ္လို့ မိမိေရာက္ေနတဲ့ေနရာက /home/dongoth/Desktop/ မွာ ျကည့္ခ်င္တာက dongoth directory ေအာက္ကဖိုင္ေတြကို ဒါဆိုရင္ ဒီလိုေလးရိုက္ျပီးျကည့္နိုင္ပါတယ္. ls ../
cp –> copy file
cp dongoth.txt /home/dongoth/Desktop ဆို မိမိဖိုင္ကို Desktop ေအာက္မွာ ပြားေပးပါလိမ့္မယ္
cp -r folder /path/to/folder // Copies recursively the contents of the folder to another folder.
cp *.extension /home/dongoth/Desktop ဒါက file extension support ထားတဲ့ဖိုင္ေတြအကုန္ကို Desktop ေအာက္မွာပြားေပးတာပါ. ဥပမာ cp *.doc /home/dongoth/Desktop ဆို .doc ဖိုင္ေတြအကုန္ Desktop ေအာက္မွာပြားလိုက္တာပါ.
mv –> move file
ခုနက cp နဲ ့သံုးပံုတူပါတယ္. ကြာတာက move ဆိုေတာ့ contents ေတြေျပာင္းေရြ ့ျပီးေရာက္သြားပါမယ္.
rm –> remove file
rm file // specific ဖိုင္ကိုဖ်က္တာပါ
rm -r folder // ဖိုဒါကိုဖ်က္ဖို ့ပါ.
rm -rf folder // forcefully ဖ်က္တဲ့သေဘာပါ yes no မေမးေတာ့ပါဖူး အဲ့ cmd က ေသခ်ာမွသံုးပါ. ဒီေကာင္က ေလွ်ာ့ရွိတယ္
nano –> full cmd line text editor
owner permission ပဲေပးထားတဲ့ဖိုင္တစ္ခုကို edit လုပ္မယ္ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ sudo nano ဆိုျပီး sudo အေရွ့က prefix ထားရပါမယ္.
nano newfile.whatever // new file တစ္ခု create လိုက္တာပါ
nano existing_file // nano နဲ ့စ ျပင္ဖို့ပါ.
nano နဲ ့ဖြင့္ကို ဖြင့္လိုက္ရင္
စိတ္ျကိုက္ edit လုပ္ျပီးရင္ save လုပ္ဖို ့ ctrl+o ကိုသံုးပါမယ္. ျပီးရင္ sys က name change မလားေမးပါလိမ့္မယ္ & then press enter.
nano ကေန ထြက္ဖို ့ ctrl+x နဲ ့ထြက္ပါမယ္.
mkdir –> create directory
mkdir dongoth // directory တစ္ခု dongoth အမည္နဲ ့ create လိုက္တာပါ
mkdir -p /path/to/folder/name // မိမိမွာရွိတာက /home/dongoth/Desktop ပဲ မိမိ create ခ်င္တာက /home/dongoth/Desktop/newfolder/2ndfolder ဆို -p ခံေပးရပါမယ္. ဒါမွ newfolder ေကာ 2ndfolder ပါ create လုပ္ေပးသြားပါလိမ့္မယ္.
ps –> list processes
ps aux List all processes in detail running on the system, including user, Process ID (PID), and name of process. Using this, one can view their process list and if necessary, kill unnecessary or stalled processes.
kill / killall / xkill -> Kill offending processes.
kill / killall / xkill -> Kill offending processes.
kill PID PID is a number referencing the offending process. One should obtain the PID from a command like ps aux. If a process refuses to die, one can alternatively specify kill -9 PID which should terminate the process by any means, even uncleanly or if it will mess up the system.
killall program Killall kills *by name* all instances of said program. If there are for example 3 firefox sessions open, killall firefox will do just that; kill all firefox sessions. kill would simply take the specified PID of the offending firefox process you wish to kill, and kill that one only. ( eg killall openvpn // openvpn တစ္မ်ိ ုးထဲ ပိတ္လိုက္တာပါ)
xkill is a GUI way to click and kill windows. Typing in xkill should present a skull-and-crossbones icon, and the next window clicked on will be killed.
Pipes -> The most useful thing you will learn in *NIX. Redirecting output of a program to anothers input. // ဒါကိုေတာ့ ref: ရွာဖတ္ေစခ်င္ပါတယ္.
> and >> redirectors -> Send output to a file instead of the terminal.
> is used to *overwrite* currently existing files contents and replace with the output from the new command.
>> is used to *append* information to currently existing files. This is useful for logging.
Example: ps aux > processes.log Sends the output of ps aux to the file processes.log for viewing the command output in a text editor and overwrites the current contents of the file.
tee -> Send output to both a file and the terminal
tee is used in conjunction with a ‘ | ‘ in order to take the command output and send it elsewhere. This is useful if there are errors which fly by the screen before you can read them, this way whatever goes on the screen is also captured to a file.
Example: dmesg | tee boot.txt would run the command dmesg which shows the initial boot info, and the ‘ | ‘ sends the output of dmesg to tee, which then does its job by sending it to the terminal and to the log file boot.txt.
execute လုပ္တဲ့ cmds
./file
python /home/dongoth/Desktop/ayuu.py
root priv: နဲ ့ဆို python ေရွ့မွာ sudo ထည့္ေပးလိုက္ယံုပါပဲ
Need to run a GUI program with root rights from the terminal? Prefix it with gksudo or gksu and not sudo. Using sudo to launch GUI applications is a bad habit and should be avoided.
Do not, do *not* use sudo simply because something receives “Operation not permitted.” Keep in mind what you are doing as you can absolutely *destroy* systems by running commands in the wrong place with root rights. This point cannot be emphasized enough. Make sure your files come from reputable sources
directory ေတြေလွ်ာက္သြားျပီး မိမိ path မသိေတာ့ရင္ pwd ဆိုျပီး path ကိုျပန္ျကည့္နိုင္ပါတယ္.
disk space check ဖို ့ဆို df -h
executable ျဖစ္နိုင္ေအာင္ file ကို ဒီလိုေလး chmod ေပးနိုင္ပါတယ္. chmod +x filename
history လို ့ရိုက္ျပီး cmd history ေတြျပ္န္ျကည့္လို ့ရပါတယ္. histroy info: ဖ်က္ခ်က္ရင္ history -c
credit : n1trogen
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